Recent advances in single-molecule fluorescence microscope techniques have allowed single-molecule sensitivity to probe various protein-DNA interactions, their structural changes, and fundamental cellular processes in a living cell [1-3]. Transcription, a process of mRNA generation by RNA polymerase (RNAP), is highly coupled with translation by ribosome in bacteria. The effect of the transcription-translation coupling on the transcriptional dynamics and the localization of genes in a living cell is poorly understood [3]. Here, we directly observe the dynamics of transcription and the movement of the subcellular localization of genes actively transcribed by RNAP in living cells at the sub-diffraction limit resolution. The subcellular localizations of the non-membrane protein’ genes, actively transcribed by RNAPs, move toward outside nucleoid or to plasma membrane by the effect of translation by ribosome. The movement of genes by transcription-translation coupling is general for both E. coli RNAP and T7 RNAP [4]. Our observation demonstrates how two spatially separated processes of transcription and translation are coupled in bacteria and the movement of genes by the cooperation between transcription and translation plays a crucial role in the effective expression of genes in E. coli. In addition, I will talk about gene-expression noise generated by transcription and translation in bacterial cell.